12 October 2023.
|
70 |
Role-play. Explaim how to critique a
paper to a FYI |
|
71 |
Viva. Diathermy |
|
72 |
EMQ. Brexanolone |
|
72 |
EMQ. Zuranolone |
Candidate’s
instructions will be sent shortly before the tutorial.
71. Diathermy viva questions.
This
is a common Part 3 topic and the answers should give you all you need. The viva
covers the basics. The TOG questions are a bit more technical but might be
reproduced in the exam so are answered below.
There
are other resources that you might find useful if you want more: they are on the website.
Questions.
The examiner will ask 8 questions.
TOG questions.
These
are open access, so reproduced here.
Read the article:
El-Sayed
M et al: “Safe use of electrosurgery … in laparoscopic surgery”. TOG. 2020;22,1:9–20.
With regard
to the variables that influence electrosurgical tissue effects:
1.
reducing the active electrode surface area would significantly
increase the thermal effect without
increasing the power output.
2.
increasing tension on the tissue enhances coagulation but compromises
cutting.
With regard
to electrosurgical complications during laparoscopy:
3.
direct coupling is the most common type of complication.
4.
about half of unintended burns are recognised during surgery.
Insulation
failure in laparoscopic surgery:
5.
is associated with severe burns when the insulation defect is
microscopic.
6.
occurs more in robotic compared with laparoscopic instruments.
Concerning
antenna coupling:
7.
it is initiated in the surgical field.
8.
it is reduced by separating the laparoscopy tower from the
electrosurgical unit and avoiding close parallel arrangement of the cords.
Active
electrode monitoring technology:
9.
is used with monopolar and bipolar instruments.
10. eliminates burns caused
by insulation failure and capacitive coupling.
11. does not protect against
direct coupling.
With regard
to the use of electrosurgery in patients with cardiac implantable electronic
devices:
12. bipolar or ultrasonic
devices are recommended in patients highly dependent on the devices.
13. patients with an
implantable cardioverter defibrillator should deactivate it before surgery.
Electrosurgical
smoke:
14. contains carcinogenic chemicals
with few documented cases of cancer.
15. contains particles mostly
bigger than 5 µm.
With regard
to electrosurgery:
16. it is the application of
high‐frequency direct current.
17. cutting occurs when the
intracellular temperature rises to between 60°C and 95°C.
With regard
to power outputs:
18. the power setting should
be between 50 W and 80 W for effective cutting.
19. the setting should be
between 20 W and 30 W for effective coagulation.
In
conventional bipolar devices:
20. the two electrodes are
situated at the tip of the instrument.
72. EMQ.
Brexanolone.
GABAA: γ-aminobutyric acid type A.
Scenario
1. Which, if any, of the following statements are true?
Option list.
|
A |
Brexanolone it
is a water soluble form of allopregnanolone |
|
B |
allopregnanolone
is an oestrogen metabolite and levels mirror those of oestrogen |
|
C |
allopregnanolone
is a potent modulator of GABAA receptors
in the brain |
|
D |
brexanolone is
effective in the treatment of postpartum depression |
|
E |
brexanolone is
administered orally |
|
F |
brexanolone is
licensed for use in the UK |
73. EMQ. Zuranolone.
Question. Which, if
any, of the following statements are true?
Option list.
|
A |
Zuranolone it is a water soluble form of
allopregnanolone |
|
B |
allopregnanolone is an oestrogen metabolite and levels
mirror those of oestrogen |
|
C |
allopregnanolone is a potent modulator of GABAA receptors in the brain |
|
D |
Zuranolone is effective in the treatment of postpartum
depression |
|
E |
Zuranolone is administered orally |
|
F |
Zuranolone is licensed for use in the UK |
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