|
53 |
COVID and pregnancy. Teresa
Kelly. |
|
54 |
SBA. McCune Albright syndrome |
|
55 |
EMQ. Montgomery ruling & consent |
|
56 |
EMQ. Jacob’s syndrome |
53. COVID
and pregnancy. Teresa Kelly.
Teresa is a consultant at St. Mary’s hospital in
Manchester and, among many other things, the local expert on COVID.
54. McCune-Albright syndrome.
Abbreviations.
MCA: McCune Albright syndrome.
PFD: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.
PP: precocious puberty.
Scenario
1.
Which, if
any, of the following are components of the classical triad of MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
albinism |
|
B |
“cafè Cubano” spots |
|
C |
“Coast of California” pigmented areas |
|
D |
lentigo |
|
E |
osteomalacia |
|
F |
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
|
G |
precocious puberty |
|
H |
premature menopause |
|
I |
primary amenorrhoea |
Scenario
2.
Which, if
any, of the following are true in relation to MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
it is an example of central primary amenorrhoea |
|
B |
it is an example of central secondary amenorrhoea |
|
C |
it is an example of central precocious puberty |
|
D |
it is an example of peripheral primary amenorrhoea |
|
E |
it is an example of peripheral secondary amenorrhoea |
|
F |
it is an example of peripheral precocious puberty |
|
G |
none of the above |
Scenario
3.
Which, if
any, of the following are true in relation to MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
hyperthyroidism is common |
|
B |
hypothyroidism is common |
|
C |
thyroid function is similar to those without MCA |
Scenario
4.
Which, if
any, of the following are true in relation to MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
excess growth hormone production
is common |
|
B |
inadequate growth hormone production is common |
|
C |
growth hormone production is similar to those without MCA |
Scenario
5.
Which, if
any, of the following is true in relation to MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
inheritance is autosomal dominant |
|
B |
inheritance is autosomal recessive |
|
C |
inheritance is X-linked dominant |
|
D |
inheritance is X-linked recessive |
|
E |
inheritance is multifactorial |
|
F |
it is not a hereditary disorder |
|
G |
the aetiology is not genetic |
|
H |
none of the above |
Scenario
6.
Which, if
any, of the following are true in relation to MCA?
Option
List
|
A |
renal artery stenosis is more common |
|
B |
renal cortex wasting is more common |
|
C |
renal phosphate wasting is more common |
|
D |
renal waisting is more common |
|
E |
none of the above. |
Scenario
7.
Approximately
what % of children born to women with MCAS will have MCAS?
Option
List
|
A |
0 |
|
B |
1 in 105 - 106 |
|
C |
1 in 104 |
|
D |
1 in 100 |
|
E |
1 in 50 |
|
F |
1 in 10 |
|
G |
1 in 2 |
|
H |
All |
55. Montgomery Ruling.
Abbreviations.
BMA: British
Medical Association.
GMC: General
Medical Council.
MR: Montgomery
Ruling.
Question 1.
Which, if any, of the following
statements is most accurate?
Lead-in
|
A |
The MR largely replaces the
Bolam ruling |
|
B |
The MR largely replaces the Chester ruling |
|
C |
The MR largely replaces the Sidaway ruling |
|
D |
The MR is being contested in the European Court by the GMC as it
infringes doctors’ rights |
|
E |
The MR is being contested in the European Court by the BMA as it
infringes doctors’ rights |
Question 2.
Which, if any, of the following
statements are true? This is not a true EMQ as > 1 of the answers may be
correct.
Lead-in
|
A |
the level of risk, however
small, must be disclosed if a patient requests it |
|
B |
the level of risk of damage from a procedure need not be
disclosed if < 1% |
|
C |
the level of risk of damage from a procedure need not be
disclosed if < 10% |
|
D |
a material risk is one that would be reflected in damages >
£100,000 if negligence were proved in court |
|
E |
a material risk is one that would be reflected in damages >
£1,000,000 if negligence were proved in court |
|
F |
a material risk is one that involves anatomical damage, not
emotional or psychological |
|
G |
a material risk is one that a reasonable person in the patient’s
situation would be likely to regards as significant |
56. Jacob’s syndrome.
Abbreviations.
ADHD: Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity
Disorder
ASD: autistic spectrum disorder.
Js: Jacob’s syndrome.
Question
1.
What is the
approximate incidence of Jacob’s syndrome in newborn females?
Option
list. There is none – just give a figure.
Question
2.
What is the
approximate incidence of Jacob’s syndrome in newborn males?
Option
list. There is none – just give a figure.
Question
3.
What type of
disorder is Jacob’s syndrome?
Option
list.
|
A |
autosomal dominant |
|
B |
autosomal recessive |
|
C |
autosomal trisomy |
|
D |
sex chromosome trisomy |
|
E |
X-linked dominant |
|
F |
X-linked recessive |
|
G |
trinucleotide repeat |
Question
4.
What
proportion of cases of Jacob’s syndrome are believed to go undiagnosed?
Question 5.
Which, if any,
of the following are true of the Jacob’s phenotype? This is not a true EMQ as
there may be > 1 answer.
Option
list.
|
A |
ataxia |
|
B |
clinodactyly |
|
C |
hypertelorism |
|
D |
hypotonia |
|
E |
macrocephaly |
|
F |
microcephaly |
|
G |
macroorchidism |
|
H |
microorchidism |
|
I |
premature ovarian failure |
|
J |
short stature |
|
K |
tall stature |
|
L |
tremor |
Question
6.
Which, if
any, of the following are more common in Jacob’s syndrome.
Option
list.
|
A |
ADHD |
|
B |
ASD |
|
C |
aggressive behaviour |
|
D |
asthma |
|
E |
criminal behaviour |
|
F |
diabetes |
|
G |
epilepsy |
|
H |
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism |
|
I |
hypertension |
|
J |
infertility |
|
K |
low IQ |
|
L |
schizophrenia |
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