Thursday, 24 November 2011

Tutorial 24 November 2011

Website.
Tutorial.
Tomorrow is the big day with the degree presentation ceremony at the RCOG.
Our congratulations to those who passed. http://www.drcog-mrcog.info/Pass%20list%20Nov%202011.htm.
Particular congratulations to Lucy for her Gold Medal.
 If you managed to listen to the recent OSCE tutorials, you will have appreciated the very high standards that Lucy and some of the others, particularly Clare, had attained.
Tonight we started off with by trying to clear up confusion about what I am hoping people will get from the tutorials.
The main thing is to develop techniques for essay-writing and answering the EMQs.
You need lots of practice under exam conditions.
I do not offer an essay-marking service with comments on how to improve.
You will need to sign up for one of the commercial services if you want that.
I simply don't have time.
Anyway, it is better if you learn to do the criticism yourself, which is what our system should teach you.
Listen to the podcast for further advice.
I am keen that you have a good format for the various bits necessary for a good role-play.
So, we did another role-play this evening.

Candidate’s instructions.

You are the SpR in the gynaecology clinic. You have been asked to see Jenny Williams, who has come for pre-pregnancy counselling.


Letter from the General Practitioner.


5 High Street,

Deersworthy,

Kent.

DO9 1JY.



Re Mrs. J. Williams,

Manor Place,

Deersworthy.

 

Dear Dr.,

Please see this woman who is planning pregnancy. I understand that her sister has had a baby with Down’s syndrome.

Regards,

Dr. Jolly.

Listen in to hear the point I was trying to make.
Then we had an EMQ with no option list!
This was to highlight good EMQ technique, which is to read the task, then the scenario and decide what the answer should be before you see the option list.
The EMQ was:

Lead-in.

The following scenarios relate to early pregnancy.

For each, select the diagnosis you most want to exclude.

Pick one option from the option list.

Each option can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Scenario 1.

A 35-year-old primigravida is seen in the EPU with vaginal bleeding and severe left iliac fossa pain. The pregnancy occurred after four cycles of IVF and embryo transfer was performed six weeks ago. Her β-hCG is >1,000 iu/l. An ultrasound scan showed an intra-uterine pregnancy of an appropriate size for the gestation. Normal fetal heart activity was noted. No adnexal masses were seen.

Scenario 2.

A 25-year-old woman with known PCOS is seen in the early pregnancy unit after an episode of slight vaginal bleeding. Her LMP was 10 weeks ago. An ultrasound scan shows an intra-uterine pregnancy with CRL of 6 mm. No fetal heart activity is seen.

Scenario 3.

A GP phones for advice. She is conducting her morning surgery. A nulliparous woman has returned from France where she has enjoyed the local food, particularly unpasteurised soft cheese and pork meats. She has presented with diarrhoea and mild abdominal pain. A β-hCG is 25 iu/l. She is concerned about listeriosis and toxoplasmosis, about which she has read.

Scenario 4.

A 30-year-old parous woman attends the EPU with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. An ultrasound scan shows a 30 mm. intra-uterine sac but no evidence of fetal heart activity.

Scenario 5.

 A 45-year-old para 6 is admitted to the A&E department with 6 weeks’ amenorrhoea. A β-hCG is positive. She complains of retrosternal pain and has a history of heartburn and acid reflux. Her BMI is 30. She smokes 40 cigarettes daily and has COAD.

Finally, we wrote a plan for another essay.
Critically evaluate screening for gynaecological cancer.
Send me your answers and I'll send mine.

Monday, 21 November 2011

Tutorial 21 November

Website.
Tutorial.
With the exam results out, we start a new cycle of preparation.
It is important to be realistic. This is the toughest exam you are likely to sit. Unless you are an Einstein, you need six months minimum to prepare and this with devoting all your spare time.
We now have just over 3 months to the March exam. If you have not started your preparation, you should think seriously about the wisdom of attempting the exam in March as you are almost certainly going to fail.
Failure is very depressing and it seriously dents your self-confidence. This makes it hard to get going again, so your next bout of preparation is also inadequate and you end up in a downward spiral. You finish by concluding that it is impossible for anyone from your part of the world ever to pass the exam. This is untrue, but a common conclusion.
Far better to plan to sit the exam well-prepared. If you still fail, your results will show that you came very close and a bit more of an effort will see you through.
My advice about preparation is here:
 http://www.drcog-mrcog.info/MRCOG%20how%20to%20pass_first_time.htm

Note the really important advice about having a good system for reading, note-taking and revision:
 http://www.drcog-mrcog.info/MRCOG%20how%20to%20pass_first_time.htm#Effective reading

Tonight we started with a roleplay. This was to illustrate the point that you can start practising communication skills now so that they are slick by the time of the OSCE.

There is advice on the website: http://www.drcog-mrcog.info/Topics%20not%20in%20the%20textbooks.htm
The Roleplay was:

A 55 year old woman is referred by her General Practitioner.
Candidates Instructions.
You are an SpR in the gynaecology clinic. You are about to see a woman with bleeding some years since her menopause.

Your task is to take an appropriate history and advise her about the investigations you feel are appropriate.

Referral letter from the General Practioner.

Manor Lodge,
High Street,
Anytown.
PO5 S00

Re: Mrs. Betty Black,
5b High Street,
Anytown.
PO5 SO1

Dear Doctor,
Please see Mrs. Black who has had bleeding.
Yours sincerely,

James Thick,
General Practitioner.

Then we had an EMQ.
Early pregnancy complications.

Lead-in.
The following scenarios relate to early pregnancy. For each, select the most appropriate answer from the option list.
Each option can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Abbreviations.
AFC.         antral follicle count.
AMH.       anti-Mullerian hormone.
CRL.         crown-rump length.
EPU.         early pregnancy unit.
FSH.          follicle stimulating hormone.
GTD.         gestational trophoblastic disease.
GTG 17.    RCOG Green-top Guideline 17. ”Recurrent Miscarriage.”  2003.
GTG 25.    RCOG Green-top Guideline 25. ”The Management of Early Pregnancy Loss.“ 2006.
hCG.         human chorionic gonadotrophin
MEUC.     medical evacuation of uterine contents.
PUL.         pregnancy of unknown location.
PUV.         pregnancy of uncertain viability.
RM.          recurrent miscarriage.
SEUC.       surgical evacuation of uterine contents.
TVS.          trans-vaginal scan
USS.          ultrasound scan

Scenario 1.
A nulliparous woman attends the booking clinic at 8 weeks’ gestation. An ultrasound scan shows a missed miscarriage of a size commensurate with the gestation. What will be your management?

Scenario 2.
A nulliparous woman attends the booking clinic at 8 weeks’ gestation. An ultrasound scan shows a missed miscarriage of a size commensurate with the gestation. She has had two previous pregnancies; both resulted in 1st. trimester miscarriage. What will be your management?

Scenario 3.
A primigravid woman attends the A&E department with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. A home pregnancy test was +ve 1 week ago; the date of the LMP is uncertain. What will be your management?

Scenario 4.
A 40-year old woman is pregnant for the first time. Her periods have been erratic for 12 months and she has occasional hot flushes. She attends the A&E department with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. The bleeding is slight and her condition is good. An hCG is +ve and a TVS shows an incomplete miscarriage. What will be your management?

Scenario 5.
A 35-year-old woman has had two normal pregnancies. She attends the booking clinic after an unplanned conception. Her hCG is +ve. A TVS shows endometrial thickening but no evidence of intra-uterine pregnancy. No pelvic abnormality is seen. What will be your management?

Scenario 6.
A 35-year-old woman has had two normal pregnancies. She attends the booking clinic after an unplanned conception. Her hCG is +ve. A TVS shows a 15 mm. intra-uterine sac, but no fetus or yolk sac. What will be your management?

Scenario 7.
A 35-year-old woman has had two normal pregnancies. She attends the booking clinic after an unplanned conception. Her hCG is +ve. A TVS shows a 30 mm. intra-uterine sac, but no fetus. What will be your management?

Scenario 8.
A 35-year-old woman has had two normal pregnancies. She attends the booking clinic after an unplanned conception. Her hCG is +ve. A TVS shows an intra-uterine fetus with crown rump length of 5 mm., but no evidence of fetal heart activity. What will be your management?

Scenario 9.
A 35-year-old woman has had two normal pregnancies. She attends the booking clinic after an unplanned conception. Her hCG is +ve. A TVS shows an intra-uterine fetus with crown rump length of 6 mm. Fetal heart activity is seen. What will be your management?

Scenario 10.
A 35-year-old woman attends the A&E department at 6 weeks’ gestation with pain and bleeding. She became pregnant after IVF. An ultrasound scan shows a viable intrauterine pregnancy of a size compatible with the gestation. What will be your management?

Option List.

A.    Admit as an emergency case.
B.    Counsel and arrange TVS in 1 week.
C.    Counsel and arrange TV colour Doppler scan.
D.    Counsel re expectant management.
E.    Explain diagnosis and counsel re MEUC and SEUC.
F.    Explain diagnosis and counsel re expectant management and MEUC and SEUC.
G.    Explain diagnosis and counsel re expectant management, MEUC and SEUC and refer to the EPU.
H.    Explain diagnosis and counsel re treatment options with accent on the relative merits of SEUC and refer to the EPU.
I.     Explain diagnosis and counsel re treatment options with accent on the relative merits of MEUC and refer to the EPU.
J.     Counsel re missed miscarriage and refer to the EPU.
K.    Explain diagnosis and refer to the EPU for PUL protocol.
L.    Explain diagnosis and refer to the EPU for PUV protocol.
M.   Manage as ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise.
N.    Arrange progesterone assay.
O.   Arrange AFC.
P.    Arrange AMH assay.
Q.   Arrange serial hCG monitoring for 48 hours.
R.    Administer anti-D immunoglobulin.
S.    Administer ergometrine 0.5 mg i.m.
T.    Prescribe mifepristone.
U.    Prescribe misoprostol for vaginal use.
V.    Continue with routine booking.

Monday, 7 November 2011

Tutorial 7 November 2011

Website.
Tutorial.
When you get to Soundcloud the tutorial is called "7 Movember". My typo! To correct it I'd need to upload the file again and I can't be bothered!
Tonight we did a waiting list prioritisation. Unfortunately I did not start the recording at the beginning and the first two cases are missing. If you did not get the questions that were discussed, send me an e-mail. If you send me your completed version of the answer, I'll send mine. The scenario I wrote has too many cases on it. I was trying to dream up a representative sample of the type of problems that might be included.
We then went on to discuss how to deal with an angry husband and how to write a report about a clinical incident, both of which we had done before.
I hope the exam goes well and that all the sweat and tears have been worthwhile.

I'll be most appreciative of any feedback.

Sunday, 6 November 2011

Tutorial 6th. November 2011

Website.
Tutorial.
Today we had Julie Morris going through how to read a paper.
Then some feedback from the RCOG course.
If you are sitting the exam, I hope it goes well.
I'd appreciate any feedback about the stations

Wednesday, 2 November 2011

Tutorial 1 November 2011

Website.
Tutorial.
Tonight's tutorial was by Dr. Ahmed Yassin, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Stepping Hill Hospital.
If you don't have the papers that are discussed, send me an e-mail.
I have written a summary of the sequence in which Dr. Yassin went through the papers. This contains a summary of the clinical presentations and explains a few bits where there are marks on the traces or handwritten notes that are difficult to make out. It will probably be best to read this before listening to the tutorial.
I'll e-mail this shortly when I have finished it.
There are two additional papers that were produced last night, both being bladder diaries. I will circulate these too.
I have cancelled the tutorial for Thursday night.
There is a tutorial arranged for Sunday afternoon, starting at 14.00 hours with Julie Morris discussing how to criticise a paper.
I have not yet heard how many people plan to attend. If there are insufficient numbers, I'll cancel the tutorial as it would be unfair to get Julie to spend time on a weekend if only a few people attend.

Tuesday, 1 November 2011

Tutorial 31 October

Website.
Tutorial.
Tonight we discussed how the RCOG produces a Green-top and then Clinical Governance. We also had a role-play.

Thursday, 27 October 2011

Tutorial 27 October 2011

Website.
Tutorial.
Tonight we had a risk management station about adverse incident analysis and then a viva on the use of the ventouse.
I sent out some papers before the tutorial. If you don't have them and want to listen to the tutorial, it would make sense to send me an e-mail so that I can forward them.